We are keen to develop new imaging technology for probing immunological recognition, often in collaboration with specialists in instrumentation such as Prof. Paul French in the Department of Physics. We have reported several uses for fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) including imaging receptor phosphorylation [J Cell Biol. 2006; 174:153-61] and local refractive index [Biophys J. 2002; 83:3589-95, J Microsc. 2005; 217:36-43]. We have also recently developed a method to image linear dichroism to probe lipid order and membrane ruffling [Biophys J. 2005; 88:609-22]. We are currently applying these novel approaches to image morphological changes and signal integration during NK cell surveillance.